HISTORY LONG QUESTION & ANSWER FOR UPSC AND OTHER PSC EXAM:

 Q-1. The Second Urbanization gave rise to the organized corporate activities that reached their zenith during the Gupta period . Discuss.

Ans-The Gupta period(320-540 A.D) one of the most important period in ancient indian history and this period has a significant importance in indian history. This period not only produced great kings but also Gupta rulers were able to unified politically the whole indian subcontinent with prosperity. 

                 As country made extraordinary progress in every aspect of life, similarly , rise of organized corporate activities reached their zenith position during Gupta Period . The details of organized corportae activities during Gupta Period as well as in the midest of secod urbanization are disscussed below-

                Guild was important component of trade and commerce during Gupta period. The Guilds were generally union of different craftsmen like - Potter, weaver, carpenter, barbar etc and they were used to frame socio-economics laws and regulations for their subjects.

                After the declin of Maurya Empire 220 BC , led to political disintigradtion and laxity in state control over guild , allowing them better chance to grow. Subsequently, in the Gupta period , trade and industries were well organised in Guilds. Besides this, the weaver and stone cutter craftsmen had also organised their seperate guilds and it had autonomus bodies and having their own rules and regulations.

            Moreover, Guilds were functioned like a bank and advanced money to the needy. Sometimes , their members served as their own armed force in order to save or protect life , goods and property. Thus Trade guilds were transformed into an organized one as compared to Maurya Period and played a very important role to folurshing trade and commerce during Guta period.

        In addition, beginning of Zamindari system in the field of agricultral and its surplus production of raw materils and the development of external and internal trade during Gupta regin by connectiong Northern path to Silk route and sea port of india , ushered the overall trade and commerce that time.

                Further, owing to the rapid progress of industries in the country with organized guild system and well established route connectivity , indian products like- cloths , precious stone, coconut, spices , ivory items, were  exported to the different countries and trade relation had grown up with persia, Egypt, Rome, China, Africa, Camby, Broach, kalyan and Europe , during gupta period.

                    Thus, from the above discussion it is clear that during Gupta Period, apart from all other progress , corporate activities were also reached its zenith position and contribute immensly for economic prosperity during Gupta period and leave a economic prosperity footprint across the world by their organized and systematic guild system during Gupta period .